[毕业设计] 基于单片机步进电机位置控制系统的设计 [复制链接]

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毕业设计-基于单片机步进电机位置控制系统的设计，共47页，15521字

摘 要

步进电动机与一般电动机不同，它的角位移量或直线位移量正比于电脉冲数，而其线速度或转速则正比于脉冲频率。并且在负载能力范围内，不会因电源电压、负载、环境条件的波动而变化。另外，步进电动机还可以在宽广的范围内，通过改变脉冲频率来调速，能够快速起动、反转和制动，并且步进电动机还有一定的自锁功能。步进电动机的上述特点，使得由它和驱动控制器组成的开环数控系统，既具有较高的控制精度，良好的控制性能，又能稳定可靠的工作。这些优点使得步进电动机在庞大的电机家族中占有不可替代的位置。

本文以四相步进电机为研究对象，以四相步进电机控制系统为控制目标，采用MCS-51系列单片机为主控芯片，文章主要研究用单片机控制四相步进电动机的位置变化，实现电动机的起动、制动、正/反转换向，加/减速。

本文中给出了该系统设计的硬件电路，软件设计，人机交互等。并对各个功能模块进行了详细的说明。主要内容包括以下几个方面：

(1) 单片机控制步进电机的一般原理。

(2) 电机驱动及控制的实现。

(3) 控制系统整体设计以及模块划分说明。

(4) 原理图。

(5) 汇编及C语言代码。

本课题经过理论分析和系统调试，控制系统性能稳定，可靠性佳，实现了既定的功能，达到了设计指标的要求。

关键词：四相步进电机 MCS-51单片机 驱动电路

Abstract

Stepping motor is different from General Motors. Its angular displacement or linear displacement is proportional to the number of pulses. And its velocity or speed is proportional to the pulse frequency. And in the range of load capacity, not due to supply voltage, load, fluctuations in environmental conditions. In addition, the stepper motor can also be a wide range, by changing the pulse frequency to speed,quick start, reverse and brake. And the stepper motors has a certain self-locking. The characteristics of stepper motor, made the open-loop control system which is made up by it and the driver controller, not only has high control precision, good control performance, but also has stable and reliable work. These advantages make the stepper motor has an irreplaceable position in a large family of motor occupies.

The object of this thesis is four-phase stepper motor. And the control objective of this thesis is the four-phase stepper motor control system, MCS-51 series with the main chip microcontroller. The main research of this thesis is using MCS to control the position change of the four-phase stepper motor, to achieve motor starting, braking, forward / backward conversion, and acceleration / deceleration.

In this thesis, it gives the design of the system hardware, software design, human-computer interaction, etc. And it gives a detail description of each functional module. The main contents include the following: (1) The general principles of MCS controls the stepper motor.

(2) The implementation of motor drive and confirmity. (3) The overall design of control system and module division. (4) Schematic. (5) Assembly and C language code. By the way of analysis and system debugging, the control system is stable, and well reliable. It achieves the established feature, and meet the design specifications.

Key words: four-phase stepper motor microcontroller MCS-51 motor drive

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

绪 论 1

1 步进电动机简介 2

1.1 课题的意义及发展状况 2

1.2 步进电机原理简介 2

1.2.1 步进电机运行原理 2

1.2.2 步进电机的结构 6

1.3 课题内容及确定设计方案 8

2 控制系统硬件方案设计 10

2.1 步进电机选择参数说明 10

2.2 步进电机的基本控制信号 12

2.3 驱动器选择及功能说明 13

3 控制电路设计 15

3.1 89C51 单片机简介说明 15

3.2 硬件电路模块 17

3.2.1 控制电路 17

3.2.2 最小系统 18

3.2.3 驱动电路 19

4 程序流程及程序设计 23

4.1 程序流程图 23

4.1.1 主程序设计 23

4.1.2 定时中断设计 25

4.1.3 外部中断设计 27

4.2 程序清单 28

结 论 39

致 谢 40

参考文献 41

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• 毕业设计-基于单片机步进电机位置控制系统的设计
• 毕业设计-基于单片机步进电机位置控制系统的设计.doc  [772.00KB]